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3 step`s to the right LED
LED Colors
It becomes Light
Color temperature K
Color nm
Luminous intensity cd
Luminous flux lm
Illuminance Lux
Luminance L
The Photon
Semiconductor
Luminescence
Design
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3 step`s to the right LED
LED Colors
It becomes Light
Color temperature K
Color nm
Luminous intensity cd
Luminous flux lm
Illuminance Lux
Luminance L
The Photon
Semiconductor
Luminescence
Design
Current
Resistance
Oled
Livespan
OVERVIEW
Producer
Distributor





























































































































3 steps to the right LED

PLEASE NOTE!!!:
Our German sites are much more detailed then our English sites. So please switch in our Germen sites and use the language translater (top right) with 60 languages.

A small public-opinion poll showed that only very few humans know about the lights, which light up there home or workplace. For those who do not have the time to read all our “LED function” sides, we concentrate the 3 most important criteria, which one should consider with the purchase of an LED.

Step ONE

Price - Performance Ratio, Lumen/Watt (lm/W)

Leuchtmittel Lumen,lm lm/W Lichtstärke,cd
Kerze 42W 12 0,3 1
Glühbirne 15W 100 6,6 7,96
Glühbirne 25W 200 8 15,92
Glühbirne 40W 400 10 31,83
Glühbirne 60W 700 11,6 55,71
Glühbirne 75W 900 12 71,62
Glühbirne 100W 1.350 13,5 119,37
Glühbirne 150W 2.000 13,3 159,16
Glühbirne 200W 3.000 15 238,74
LED Birne12W 1150 96!!! 183

Data in Lumen (lm):
Many LED manufacturers indicates the luminous flux in Lumen (lm) and the consumption in Watt (W). Divides one lm by W he obtains a very good reference value, which indicates the efficiency of a lamp, even:

Lumen/Watt (lm/W)

Lumen is the indication of the entire light achievement of a shining object, independently of its shining direction.
One can figure lumen, like an intransparent purchase bag. I stand infront of the fruit section with an enormous shelf of apples. There are green, yellow, red, small and large apples. The price tag indicates: All apples cost the same. You mixes some sorts, the shop assistant packs it into the bag and you pay at the cashier by weight. That means, only the weight is important to the cashier but not whether your apples are green or large. With lumen it behaves so similarly. Lumen indicates the entire light achievement (weight). It never mind if the LED has a beam angle, where the entire light is concentrated or you bought a 360° LED. Only the entire light achievement counts!

Untder Watt (W) one can figure as his personal WORK. The more highly the number of Watts, the more one must work, to pay its electricity bill.
High number of Watts - high electricity bill and environmental impact.
Small number of Watts - the environment and your wallet will thank it you.
Is W not indicated but Milliamper (mA 1A = 1000mA) and volt (V) than: W = A x V

If the valuelm/W is smaller than 20, one should leave the fingers of it.

To consider would be here still the life span. It is clearly obvious that, if one must change every 6 months its lamp, it is not realy cheap. LEDs shine up to 50,000 hr. I.e. at 5 hr. on the day, 330 times in the year, that would be 30 years!!!

Data in Inluminance (Lux):

Lighting conditions:
Midday sun light in summer
Covered skies in summer
Rain weather with dark thunderclouds
Office lighting
Living room
Stairway lighting
Road lighting
Twilight after sunset
Midnight with full moon
Moonless starry sky at night
Illuminance:
100.000 Lux
10.000 Lux
1000 Lux
500 Lux
200 Lux
100 Lux
10 Lux
1 Lux
0,2 Lux
0,0005 Lux
One lux corresponds to the luminous intensity, which a candle produces at a distance of one meter.
In our synoptical table the Lux values would be the cd number for a distance of 1m.
If LED manufacturer only indicate the lux, it is a little more difficult the conversion in lumen, because mostly only the reflected beam angle is indicated however not the Sterad (sr). The sr is the solid angle, which is necessary for the computation. Therefore we arranged the lower SR table.
In order to receive lumens, one must take the indicated distance (r) in meters to the square and multiply it by the solid angle to get the lighted surface (A), thus:
A= r x r x sr

Now one must multiply only A by the lux to receive the lumens.
A x Lux = lm

Who wants to compute the SR, proceeds as follows: 4 x Pi x (sin x (X°/4))² = sr

Angle: 180° 170° 160° 150° 140° 130° 120° 110° 100° 95° 90° 85° 80° 75°
sr Factor 6,2832 5,7356 5,1921 4,6570 4,1342 3,6278 3,1416 2,6793 2,2444 2,0383 1,8403 1,6507 1,4700 1,2984
Angle: 70° 65,55° 60° 55° 50° 45° 40° 35° 30° 25° 20° 15° 10°
sr Factor 1,1363 1,0003 0,8418 0,7099 0,5887 0,4783 0,3789 0,2908 0,2141 0,1489 0,0955 0,0538 0,0239 0,0060 0,00024


Data in Candela (cd, mlcd, 1cd = 1000mlcd):
Luminous intensity is the radiating power of a source of light in a particular direction
If LED manufacturer only indicate Candela (cd) you have to multiply thecd with thesr.

lm = cd x sr

Step TWO

Which mood would I like to produce?

WHITE LEDs:
WHITE IS NOT EQUAL TO WHITE! WHITE IS NOT EQUAL TO WHITE! Therefore the color temperature in Kelvin (K) is indicated.
A candle e.g. possesses a color temperature of 1500°K, thus yellowish, easily reddish light. A 100W bulb has already 2800°K and is also called as warmly WHITE (high yellow portion). The more the color temperature rises the more “whiter” the light gets and we will feel it than “colder” (4000°K). If the color temperature rises continues, the coldly white change in the bluish (12000°K). (e.g. dawn, “the blue hour”)
Source of light / Color temperature
Candela 1.500 K
Bulb (40 W) 2.680 K
Bulb (60 W) 2.200 K
Bulb (100 W) 2.800 K
Bulb (200 W) 3.000 K
Halogen lamp, fluorescent tube
(warm white) 3.000 K
Fotolamp Typ B, Halogen lamp 3.200 K
Fluorescent tube (cold white) 4.000 K
Xenon-Lamp, Lightbow 4.500-5.000 K
Morning sun / Evening sun, 5.000 K
Late morning sun / Early evening sun 5.500 K
Midday sun, Cloudy 5.500-5.800 K
Daylight lamp 5.600-7.000 K
Blue Sky 9.000-12.000 K
Twilight, blue hour 10.000 K

Who does not pay attention to the color temperature, can be heavily disappointed with the developed “lighting tendency”.


Farbtemperatur














Colored LEDs:
Here the RGB LED should be mentioned. One mixes a red + Green + blue LED receives one the color = WHITE
If the individual LEDs are differently dimed or switched off, then nearly all colors could be created.


     
Hellempfindlichkeit Farbtemperatur Tafel erstellt von Hr.Torge Anders alias Benutzer:DiplomBastler


Step THREE

Which reflected beam angle do I need?

The reflected beam angle, belongs to one of the most important criteria, which one should consider with the purchase of an LED. Here it can come easily to errors.
The first question which I must ask is: Which surface I would like to illuminate?
Spots possess a small reflected beam angle. A bulb possesses a large reflected beam angle (360° = SR = 12,566)

Spots, as e.g. in the video, targeted on a ceiling or a white wall can produce the same as a 360°. LED own itself therefore outstanding for indirect lighting!

I look for an LED spots:

230V LED gegliedert nach GU10, E14 und E27 Sockel
In the comparative table at beginning of the side a Halogenspot is indicated with 50W and 3,500 CD. WOW! 3.500cd some will think! But during the more exact reading also a reflected beam angle is indicated by 24°. 24° possess a solid angle (SR) of 0,137. Candle (cd) times SR = lumen (lu), thus 3,500 x 0.137 = 480 lu. That is a price performance ratio of 9,6 Lummen/W (choke) with a price of 6,59 €. Taht means you bought a favorable heating with a high electricity bill!
But also some LEDs are "energy eater". The Power LED Spot 6W E14 warmweiß e.g. promises 3,100 lux with 6W. And again some will think in such a way, does not sound so bad at all! But with the calculation it looked then unfortunately completely differently! 15° are 0.0538 SR. With a distance from 50cm, the lit surface amounts to 0,013m ². Lux x A = 40,3lm!!! That would be 6,7lm/W (choke ³)!!! thus a much bad value as a bulb!!! and this at a price of 44,99 €!!!.
Apology: We got an answer from the producer: Aussagen über den Lichtstrom bei Reflektorlampen auf Basis der Beleuchtungsstärke können ohne eine räumlich integrierende Messung nicht so ohne Weiteres getroffen werden. The LED Spot has 125 lm and use only 6W. Hmm... that means 20,8 lm/W.
Thus who loves the environment, please always compute the Lummen/Watt value!!!

Example for the elucidation: We mental take e.g. the LED Spot 38°  3,5W (see table, click the product for more information), and break the bulb socket “in mind” away and replace them now with a reflected version those a reflected beam angle of 24°, like the halogens spots. I.e. we bundle now the entire light of 38° on 24°. It is clear that on 24° the lit surface illuminates becomes more strongly than before. CD = lm: SR. Thus 342: 0,137 = approx. 2500cd (24°=0,137sr) we made from 1000cd…. 2500cd. Thus straight once 1000cd less than the 50W halogen spots, but with only 3,5W! Here we see that the reflected beam angle plays a very important role!

I look for an 360° LED all around light:

LED-Birne
LED Birne 1150 lm
12W 96lm/W
E27 warm weiss
LED Birne
LED Birne 806 lm
9,5W 85lm/W
E27 warm weiss
LED Birne 1150lm
LED Birne 1150 lm
12W 95lm/W
E27 warm weiss
LED-Birne
LED Birne 1055 lm
13W 81lm/W
E27 warm weiss
LED Birne 1110lm
LED Birne 1110 lm
13W 85lm/W
E27 warm weiss

At present there are no 360° LEDs available. Therefore one combine several LEDs together to produce a larger reflected beam angle. Spots, targeted on a ceiling or a white wall can produce also a 360° light. How to make your own 360° LED lamp. A lampshade (white), with 3 pic., e.g. LED 160° 3W in the correct angle equipped and one would have an economical 360° alternative with 9W, with 66,67 lm/W, which could replace a 50W bulb.
Or 3 x LED 270°  4W, could replace a 50W bulb with only 12W.

For a 360° lighting also the special refuse-requiring energy-savings lamp are a "good" change over solution. Please read here our energy saving site.The OSRAM energy-savings lamp 8W captivates here with 50lm/W and e.g. replaces a 40W bulb.
Ore 3 LED 160° 5W und we get a 15W Lamp which can replace a 100W bulb and this with 70lm/W!!!

But also LED "fluorescent tubes" are getting more and more populary.

230V LED gegliedert nach GU10, E14 und E27 Sockel

Who still would like to make here some experiments some further example: For 360° lighting with LEDs it is important to know the "portion" of the sphere in which an individual LED radiates. Therefore we arranged the lower table.

Who wants to compute the part of a sphere, proceeds as follows: P/S = 2 : (1 - cos x (X° : 2))
Angle: 360° 270° 240° 210° 180° 160° 140° 120° 110° 100° 90° 80° 70° 60°
Part of a sphere 1 1,2 1,3 1,6 2 2,4 3 4 4,6 5,6 6,8 8,5 11,1 14,9
Angle: 55° 50° 45° 40° 35° 30° 25° 20° 15° 10°
Part of a sphere 17,7 21,3 26,3 33,2 43,2 58,7 84,2 132 234 526 2101 52525

We want a strong 360° lamp with a color temperature around 5000°K, with the Samsung LED 55°/3,15W (see also table right at the top) 55° are the approx. 18 part of a sphere. Terefor we need 18 pic. of this LED. If one e.g. assemble them now on a screen ball with the the correct pre-resistor, one gets a lamp with 2880 lumens and 54W. (comparably with one approx. 300W bulb)

Important:
Dear reader,
the correct lighting or lighting mood contributes very much to our well-being. Therefore we do not understand why some supplier do not indicateon the packing or in the description, the most important data, i.e.: Color temperature conceal (°K), light-current (lumen, lm), reflected beam angle (°), luminous intensity (Candel, CD) and the density of light (lux). If you are interested in an LED and these data are missing, please absolutely contact the manufacturer. LEDs hold for a very, very long time and it would be unfortunate if one then would be not content with its LED lighting.


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